Members of the Rutaceae have a worldwide distribution, especially in tropical regions. Secretory cavities containing ethereal oils are present in many tissues, including the leaves and pericarp. The fruit is a schizocarp, berry, drupe, or hesperidium (the last with internal, swollen trichomes termed juice sacs). Nectaries are usually present as an annular disk at the base of the ovary.
Placentation is axile ovules are anatropous or hemitropous, bitegmic, 2 per carpel. The gynoecium is syncarpous, rarely apocarpous, with a superior ovary, 4–5 carpels, and 4–5 locules. The stamens are 8–10–∞, usually diplostemonous, in 2 whorls, with staminodes present in some taxa filaments are often basally connate. The corolla is apopetalous or sympetalous with 4–5, imbricate or valvate petals or lobes. The calyx is aposepalous or synsepalous with 4–5 sepals or lobes. The flowers are usually bisexual and actinomorphic, hypogynous, rarely epigynous. The inflorescence is a cyme or raceme, rarely of solitary flowers. The leaves are simple, trifoliolate, or pinnate, sometimes pinnatifid, exstipu-late, usually with pellucid or punctate glands. The Rutaceae consist of trees, shrubs, lianas, or rarely herbs. Citrus aurantiacus, navel orange, fruit (seedless cultivar), a hesperidium. Ovary close-up, showing glandular surface. Leaf close-up, showing internal, pellucid glands. xanthoxyloides had antifungal activity on the studied microorganisms, with MIC values varying from 0.5 to 1 mg/mL for the roots and from 0.125 to 1 mg/mL for the stem bark.įIGURE 8.80. They also observed that only the extracts obtained from the roots and stem barks of F. neoformans, and filamentous fungi, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, B. They found that these extracts, to varying extents, inhibited the in vitro growth of C. (2000) have evaluated the antifungal properties of aqueous-ethanol 90% extracts of leaves, roots, and stem barks of F. Fraxinus xanthoxyloides is also used as antiseptic and laxative ( Ngane et al., 2000). is used traditionally in case of gastritis, gingivitis, bilharzia, diarrhea, cancer, ulcer, kidney ache, sterility, gonorrhea as well as laxative and other infectious diseases ( Ngane et al., 2000 Kuete et al., 2011c). Spices of the genus Fagara have been found to have antimicrobial activities.įagara leprieurii (Guill and Perr) Engl. The most economically important genera in the family are Citrus, which includes the orange ( Citrus sinensis), lemon ( Citrus limon), grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi), and lime (mostly Citrus aurantifolia) as well as Zanthoxylum or Fagara and Agathosma. Rutaceae, commonly known as citrus family, is a family of flowering plants with approximatively 160 genera also having flowering species. Kuete, in Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa, 2017 4.13 Rutaceae
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